Graphical Abstract.

Fig. 1 Examples of subtle early esophageal neoplasia that can be easily missed if not recognized to be malignant or premalignant. a Early cancer in Barrett’s esophagus, Paris type 0-IIb (flat type), at the 1 o’clock position. b Early cancer in Barrett’s esophagus, Paris type 0-IIa-IIb (slightly elevated and flat), from5 to 7 o’clock. c Early cancer in Barrett’s esophagus, Paris type 0-IIa (slightly elevated), from 2 to 5 o’clock. d Early cancer in Barrett’s esophagus, Paris type 0-IIb-IIc (flat and slightly depressed), from 3 to 4 o’clock. e High grade dysplasia of the squamous epithelium, recognized as a darker red area in white-light endoscopy, Paris type 0-IIb (flat) from 1 to 6 o’clock; and f corresponding image with narrow-band imaging (NBI) showing a brownish discoloration from 2 to 7 o’clock. g Squamous cell cancer, Paris type 0-IIb (flat type) extending from6 to 1 o’clock, seen as slightly more reddish area with white-light endoscopy, and h corresponding image with blue-light imaging (BLI).

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